Seminar on Challenges in Human Resource Management in 21st Century Essays

Seminar on Challenges in Human Resource Management in 21st Century Essays Seminar on Challenges in Human Resource Management in 21st Century Essay Seminar on Challenges in Human Resource Management in 21st Century Essay Mrinal Jyoti Deka Chandan Kalita Sonam Doloi Barnali Devi Reemamoni Sarma Pranjit Choudhury INTRODUCTION Uncertainty and complexity characterize the greatest challenges todays world for managers at all organizational levels. Responding to shifts in the external environment requires ever-vigilant managers. These managers must be agile themselves in order to effectively promote agility in their environments. Agility is required in numerous areas for managerial success. These areas include flexibility in managing employees, flexibility in rewarding employees, ability to flexibly plan, flexibility in solving problems, technological agility and flexibility in addressing organizational politics. Another challenge in worker motivation is the growing diversity in the workforce. The multi-cultural workforce will continue to grow at the both sector domestic level and an international level. A diverse workforce results from a global economy. This diversity reflects the need for managers to be more flexible. All facets of managing people must be re-thought with a broader mix of workers. All jobs no longer must be performed in exactly the same way, at the same time, or even in the same location. Managers cannot llow themselves to be constrained by the past, but instead they must approach management to from an entirely new perspective with an entirely new workforce. CHALLENGES OF WORKER MOTIVATION IN 21st CENTURY 1. INNOVATIVE OF TECHNOLOGY: Due to the emergence of innovative technology, the worker those who are not familiar with the technology find it difficult to perform their jobs as they do not adapt to this. So by providing proper training it can be made familiar with the tech nology and they will motivate to perform their task. 2. WORKERS DIVERSIFICATION: Today’s workforce is very much wide. So organization should take deep insight about the behavior of the employee and accordingly device the strategies to motivate the worker is a major challenges. 3. EMERGENCE OF KNOWLEDGE WORKER: Nowadays the new employees who have joined organization are better educated, more carrier-oriented and relatively less ideologically committed. This breed employee seeks more meaning from their work instead of traditional return of employment. Importance of Workers’ Motivation Proper utilization of human resource: Human resource is of paramount importance for the success of any organization. It is a source of strength and aid. Human resources are the wealth of an organization, which can help it in achieving its goal. Through proper utilization of human resource management can get and use the skill, knowledge, ability etc. by development of skills, tapping and utilizing them again and again. Hence, human resource has become the focus of attention of every progressive organization to motivate its workers. Better organizational image: Enterprises which offer better monetary and non-monetary facilities to their employees have a better image among them. Such concerns are successful in attracting better qualified and experienced persons. Since, there is a better man-power to development programmed; the employees are likely to join such organization. Better industrial relationship: A good motivational system will create job satisfaction among employees. The employment will offer those better service conditions and various other incentives. Proper motivation create an atmosphere of confidence among the employee and employers and cordial relationship will create a healthy working environment. So, motivation among employee will lead to better industrial relationship. Acceptability to change: The changing social and industrial situations will require changes and improvements in the working of enterprises. Employees resist changes for fear of an adverse effect on their employment. When the employees are given various opportunities of development then they can easily adapt to new situation. Thus, motivation will ensure the acceptability of new changes by the employees. Reinforcement: It is a very powerful motivational tool. It is not only used for motivating the employees but also for enhancing organizational effectiveness. Organizations, now-a-days are making use of various technique for modifying the behavior of organization members, so that they are engaged in desirable behavior. How to Motivate the Workers A. Financial incentives: Financial incentives are the monetary reward. In the form of more wages and salaries, bonus, company paid insurance for their performance. According to Gellemen â€Å"Money is actually used to retain good person in the organization†. Some of such incentives are: 1. Bonus 2. Free insurance 3. Medical re- imbursement 4. Profit sharing. B. Non Financial Incentives: Non financial incentives Full fill the higher order needs for status recognition and ego in the society emerge. Some non financial incentives are: 1. People Mission: Organization should committed to investing their employers and ensuring that they work in safe and fair work environment in which everyone equipped with learning and tools to achieved in their job and fulfill their potential regardless of their age, gender, race, sexual, orientation etc. This mission attracts people with the talent to thrive in a fast moving and challenging global environment. 2. Mentoring: It is a program to help employers to raise their potential and manage their career effectively. This strongly support talent management initiative is to attract, develop and retain the best and enable the better understand the taken with the organization. 3. Strengths best Approach: This philosophy focuses on weakness and gives highest potential for the performance and personal growths are where employee is most talented. This development process focuses on helping employee understand their talent, built them in to strength. 4. Talent Management: Managing talent is just as important as attracting it. Talent management focuses on development and encourages employee to seek opportunities which enable them to stretch their talent, build their strength as well as keep them motivated throughout. HOW A LEADER CAN MOTIVATES THE WORKER Since 21st century cannot be remain static, so the organization so it much constantly respond to dynamic environment. In this situation organization need a good leadership and forceful employee. Leaders do nothing more important than get result. But leader cannot get result him or herself. He need to help employee and the best way to have other people get results is not by ordering but motivate them. THE APPROACH ADOPTED BY A LEADER TO MOTIVATE THE WORKER 1. PHYSICAL ACTION: An essential feature of motivation is not about what people think or feel but what they physically do. Leadership must have believe in him and take action to follow him through the proper physical action. . MOTIVATION DRIVEN BY EMOTION: In any strategic management, a leader must make sure that people have strong emotional commitments towards their goal. A leader must make a decision in such a way that all the level of employees are benefited out of it. Impact of workers motivation: 1. High Productivity: When the workers are motivated for the satisfaction of their lower and higher level of need, they put in all their efforts to s atisfy the organizational need also. This increase the efficiency in organizational activities. 2. Create Suitable Work Environment: Motivation help create a suitable environment or work culture in an organization where worker can work feel promoted to work for the organization goal. Congenial working condition with harmonious superior and subordinate relationship. 3. Combine Ability with Willingness: Sometimes workers posses the ability but not willing to perform a Particular task. In this situation, Effective Motivation combines the ability of the workers with their willingness to do the job and extract maximum out of them.

11 Romantic Spanish Love Quotes (With English Translation)

Romantic Spanish Love Quotes (With English Translation) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Ah, love. Who doesn’t get weak in the knees when they read great love quotes? And since Spanish is a romance language, it makes sense that some of the best quotes about love are in Spanish! But more importantly, reading and understanding quotes is a great way to prepare you for your Spanish SAT and Spanish AP exams. That’s because they often rely on figurative language, which means that the literal translation is different than the phrase’s actual meaning. By studying quotes like these, you gain a better understanding of how to speak, read, and understand Spanish on a more advanced level. In this post, we’re going to help you prepare for your exams by giving you a list list of the best Spanish love quotes with English translation. For each quote, we’ll: Give you the love quote in Spanish Provide the English translation Discuss the meaning of the quote Ready? Let’s get started! Spanish Love Quote #1: A Quote About Eternity Prefiero un minuto contigo a una eternidad sin ti. This sentence literally translates to, â€Å"I prefer a minute with you than an eternity without you.† In other words, you’d rather know (and love!) a person for a short amount of time than live a full life having never known them at all. It’s incredibly romantic...which is why we chose it to kick off our list! This line also teaches you how to set up a comparison in Spanish. You can use the basic form of this sentence to show how one thing is better than the other, which is going to be an important skill for the written portion of your Spanish exams. Memorizing a quote like this one is like having a little grammar shortcut that you can whip out at any time. Spanish Love Quote #2: A Quote About Fighting Rià ±en a menudo los amantes, por el gusto de hacer las paces. Literally, this quotation translates to, â€Å"Lovers quarrel often for the pleasure of making peace.† However, there’s a more figurative way to think of this line, too. At its core, this quote is about passion. In passionate relationships, there’s often a thin line between arguing and attraction. That’s why it’s so common to see this happen in romantic movies. One of our favorite scenes is this one from The Notebook: iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EemLsTG5fX8" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen/iframe This scene shows us that the quote might be right: making up is the best part of a lover’s quarrel! Spanish Love Quote #3: A Quote About Changing Someone Amar a alguien para hacerlo distinto significa asesinarle. The word-for-word translation of this quote is a little gruesome. Literally, it means, â€Å"Loving someone to make them different means murdering them.† But more accurately, this quote is saying that loving someone to try and change who they are is a recipe for disaster. That’s because you’re actually not in love with the person your significant other is...you’re in love with this ideal person you wish they could become! In the end, this quote warns us that trying to change the person you love- rather than loving them for who they are- results in unhappiness for everyone. Spanish Love Quote #4: A Quote About Fear El mayor obstculo para el amor es el temor secreto de no ser dignos de ser amados. This line translates to, â€Å"The greatest obstacle to love is the hidden fear of not being worthy of being loved.† For many people, love can be difficult...but it can sometimes be compounded by how we feel about ourselves. In fact, research suggests that good self-esteem is important to having healthy relationships. In this case, this quote reminds us that it’s just as important to love ourselves as it is to love someone else. Spanish Love Quote #5: A Quote About Young Love Amor de nià ±o, agua en cestillo. Okay, this is one of those quotes where you just have to remember the figurative meaning. Literally, this quote translates to, â€Å"Love of a child, water in basket.† Which, to be fair, doesn’t make much sense at all! In actuality, this quote is saying that young love is fickle. Yeah, we know: it’s one of those things you just have to memorize to understand. (English is full of these idioms that make no sense, like â€Å"cool as a cucumber† for being good under pressure.) But knowing idiomatic phrases like this one- and using them correctly!- can be pretty impressive when you’re writing your exam essays. Spanish Love Quote #6: A Quote About Heartbreak Hay mucho ms donde elegir. What do you do when you- or a friend- goes through a really bad break-up? You know, the type where you were head-over-heels in love, but for some reason, the other person didn’t feel the same? That’s where this quote can come in handy. It translates to, â€Å"There’s a lot more out there to choose from.† But it’s closer in meaning to the English saying, â€Å"there are plenty of fish in the sea.† Heartbreak is painful, and sometimes it feels like you lost â€Å"the one† for you. But this quote is a good reminder that the world is a big place! While breakups are tough, they’re also temporary. If you’re brave enough- and follow the advice from Quote #4 above!- you can find love again. Spanish Love Quote #7: A Quote About Partnership Amar no es mirarse el uno al otro, es mirar juntos en la misma direccià ³n. This sentence has the same literal and figurative meaning. It translates to, â€Å"Love it’s not to look at each other, it’s to look together towards the same direction.† Is loving someone enough for a long, happy relationship? According to this quote, there might be more to it than just affection. And actually, science seems to support this. This article from Psychology Today explains that common reasons for relationships failing are having different expectations or priorities in life than your partner. This quote teaches us that love about more than just thinking the other person is attractive, or even caring deeply about your partner. Long-lasting, loving relationships involve working with your partner to determine where your lives are going, so you can ensure you’re both heading in the same direction. Spanish Love Quote #8: A Quote About Motivation El amor todo lo puede. This sentence translates to, â€Å"Love can do everything.† In other words, love is a powerful motivator. This is a favorite topic of feel-good news stories like this one about a father who runs triathlons with his disabled son, or this story about this man who donated his kidney to his best friend. These are just a few examples of how love can motivate us to do things for other people that we never thought possible. And while that might seem anecdotal at first, science actually supports this idea. Whether it’s love for a partner, a family member, a friend, or even a pet, love can drive us to accomplish amazing things! Spanish Love Quote #9: A Quote About Pain Donde hay amor, hay dolor. But as we all know, love can also be painful, too. That’s why we’ve included this quote in our list, which translates to â€Å"Where there’s love, there’s pain.† Oftentimes, we immediately think of a bad break-up or a divorce as an example of love causing pain. But there are different types of love, too! For example, let’s say you love your school, but your parents get new jobs and you have to move to a new city. You’d probably be pretty upset about it, right? That pain is a result of the love you feel for your teachers and friends. And you’re not alone in feeling a love/pain connection: scientists now believe that love and pain are neurologically interconnected! Given all of that, it's tempting to think of this quote as warning us against love, but that’s not the case. Rather, this saying is a reminder that pain is the price of love, but it doesn’t mean that loving isn’t worth it in the end. Spanish Love Quote #10: A Quote About Dislike No hay amor perdido entre nosotros. This quote, which translates to â€Å"there is no love lost between us,† comes from the famous Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes. Cervantes is perhaps the most famous Spanish author of all time, and he’s most well known for writing Don Quixote. Before he became a writer, Cervantes served in the Spanish military and took part in naval battles as part of the Spanish navy marines. That meant he saw the animosity between people firsthand, so he definitely knew what he was talking about when he wrote this line. To say that there’s â€Å"no love lost† between you and someone else is a polite way to say that you don’t like another person or thing. In fact, it means that you don’t like them at all! (For example, as far as we’re concerned, there’s no love lost between us and Croc shoes, dill pickles, and people who litter). This is just another example of the ways that love and other emotions can be tied together. Spanish Love Quote #: When You Want to Be Honest (but Funny) El amor entra por la cocina. Our last Spanish love quote is another one that has a literal and a figurative translation. Literally, this sentence means, â€Å"Love enters through the kitchen.† But what it’s really saying is that the quickest way to a person’s heart is through their stomach. And if that’s not true, we don’t know what is! The 20 Words and Phrases You Need to Know to Write Your Own Romantic Spanish Quotes Like we mentioned before, the quotes above can help you start to understand Spanish a little better. But the best way to improve your Spanish for the Spanish AP exam is practice...and what better way to do that than by writing your own Spanish love quotes? To get you started, we’ve put together a list of twenty of the most romantic Spanish words and phrases. Check them out below! Spanish Word/Phrase English Translation El abrazo hug El beso kiss novio/novia boyfriend/girlfriend El amor love enamorar to fall in love Eres lindo/Eres linda You’re cute La sonrisa smile extraà ±ar To miss (as in, to miss someone special) Te necesito I need you Te amo I love you Yo tambià ©n te amo I love you, too amar To love carià ±o/a darling Estoy enamorado/a I’m in love prometido/a fiancee El matrimonio marriage besar To kiss corazà ³n heart pasià ³n passion querido/a Loved one What’s Next? Let’s keep the vocabulary work going! Here’s a list of the 71 body parts you should know how to talk about in Spanish- and the two most import rules to remember when talking about body parts in Spanish. But there’s more to learning Spanish than just memorizing vocabulary words. You also have to learn how to conjugate verbs, too. (Actually, conjugation might be the hardest part!) The verb â€Å"to be† is a good place to start because it’s super common and really versatile. This guide not only gives you every conjugation of ser you need to know...but it teaches you how to use ser in a sentence, too! If you’re studying Spanish in school, you might consider taking the SAT Spanish Subject Test. But what is it, exactly? Check out this run-down of the SAT Spanish Subject Test, then pop over and take a peek at our ultimate study guide. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Ashley Robinson About the Author Ashley Sufflà © Robinson has a Ph.D. in 19th Century English Literature. As a content writer for PrepScholar, Ashley is passionate about giving college-bound students the in-depth information they need to get into the school of their dreams. 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Second Short Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Second Short Paper - Assignment Example There has been a rise in shares of minorities and women and their productivity in economic development. Affirmative action in relation to reverse discrimination Reverse discrimination in spite of the negativity associated with it, has provided affirmative action with a platform for improving the lives of minorities. It has helped rectify inconsistent hypocritical issues affecting women and minorities. Affirmative action is important but not necessary because it leads to reverse discrimination. On the other hand, affirmative action attempts to bring equality and diversity regardless of color, race, or ethnicity to all. It is anything devoid of discrimination. 2. (Q.4) Can the legacy of institutionalized inequality is undone without affirmative action. Explain why or why not. A. Institutionalized inequalities are deeply rooted in all institutions. Institutionalized inequalities are discrimination and biasness that exist in institutions like government, colleges, and churches. It is dis crimination given due to sex, age, status quo among other forms of biasness. It has widened the gap between the rich and the poor. The corridors of justice rely deeply on institutionalized perceptions of gender and work with a shallow interpretation of laws on discrimination. Affirmative action has helped clear this deeply rooted vice of discrimination in institution. It ensures equal job opportunities, fair treatment in all institution. The policies of affirmative action are beneficial to all members of the society in eradicating institutionalized inequality. In the United States of America, the rank between the poor and the state welfare is everywhere. 3. (Q.3) what is equality of opportunity and how does it contrast with the reverse discrimination? A. Equality of opportunity is privileges guaranteed by antidiscrimination statutes to all individuals regardless of race, color, religion, or handicap. It is the individual’s freedom to pursue personal interest without restricti ons. It is about fairness in the way we treat others and addressing imbalances in a manner, which does not lead to discrimination. It ensures that every individual gets equal opportunities of success in life. It is a concept that individuals should make wise and independent. Competition under the concept assumes that free competition leads to fair results. However, the outcome of many competitions does not lead to equality or neutrality. For under privileged and minorities, equality of opportunity boosts in getting life started. In contrast with reverse discrimination, equality of opportunity is a corrective measure against discrimination of a group of individuals. Reverse discrimination involves actions that do not favor the majority. It is about social habits of discrimination for a dominant member of a group. It is an outcome of affirmative action policies. Refers for instance to affirmative action on men in a college, seen as discrimination by women. It is biasness for an indivi dual of a majority. It treats the privileged unfairly for the sake of the underprivileged. Equality of opportunity fights for equal treatment for all. In another perspective, affirmative action is reverse discrimination and therefore illegal. The policies of affirmative action attempt to give equal opportunities to women, minority groups and anyone who has face discrimination. 4. (Q.5) what is ‘

Choose two composers from two different musical time periods Research Paper

Choose two composers from two different musical time periods (Renaissance, classical, etc then compare their upbringing, education, legacy and musical compositions - Research Paper Example The earliest signs of Renaissance music appeared in the early 15th century. On the other hand, both the Classical and Renaissance periods were characterized by a lot of composers. In light of this, the paper will focus on analyzing the upbringing, education, legacy and musical compositions of Giovanni Gabrieli (Renaissance era composer) and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Classical era composer). Giovanni Gabrieli was an influential Italian organist, composer and teacher during the Renaissance period. He is primarily acknowledged for his holy/sacred music which includes instrumental motets and a massive choral work for the liturgy of the church (Kenton, 1967). Venice is Gabrieli’s birth place. His father hailed from Carnia and moved to Venice before the birth of Giovanni. Giovanni studied under his uncle (Andrea Gabrieli) who was himself a composer. In fact, it is believed that his uncle brought him up since Giovanni commonly referred himself as his uncle’s son. Next, he studied with Orlando de Lassus in Munich at Duke Albert v’s court. Consequently, Lassus had a great impact on Gabrieli’s music. In 1585, Gabrieli became Saint Mark’s Basilica’s main organist after the post was left vacant by the exit of Claudio Merulo. Also, he became the principal composer after the demise of his uncle. Subsequently, Giovanni commenced editing and compiling his uncle’s work who had no inclination or urge to publish his work. Thus, he saved his uncle’s work which otherwise would have been lost (Charteris, 1987). Additionally, Giovanni became an organist at Scuola Grande di San Rocco; a post he held for his whole life. This post contributed positively to his musical career since San Rocco was among the most wealthy and prestigious Venetian confraternities. The San Rocco organization was utilized by renowned composers who often performed there. A vivid description of the

Htc Introduction Essay Example for Free

Htc Introduction Essay HTC quickly emerged on the smartphone scene with the remarkable success of The Sense, one of its first models, and broke many industry sales records. People were asking, â€Å"Who is HTC? † Our research indicates that HTCs rapid rise to success was because of innovation and technological capabilities. Even though the HTC brand was not widely recognized, its smartphones were generating interest. In our primary research, we discovered that some people owned an HTC phone but did not know that HTC was the manufacturer. Obviously, brand awareness was relatively low. For HTC to stay relevant in the hypercompetitive smartphone industry, it needs serious revamping of its marketing plan. With smartphone market penetration increasing to more than 20 percent in the past five years and reaching 46. 8 percent in Q3 2011, HTC has tremendous opportunities to establish a solid market position. After examining the market conditions and current HTC performance in the U. S. , our team proposes that HTC position itself as a technological leader by targeting consumers ages 18 to 34. This promising segment has potential sales of $2. 5 million. We analyzed the industry and examined external factors that could impact HTCs bottom line. This analysis gave us crucial insight into the smartphone market. We also analyzed the competitive environment that includes Apple, Motorola, and RIM (Blackberry). HTC, which has a positive reputation on the merits of its technology, needs to boldly differentiate itself in the marketplace. Through market analysis, we discovered that HTC has a strong market size, market potential, and distinct target markets. We recommend that HTC take specific steps through segmenting, targeting, and positioning to execute its marketing plan. We are confident that our plan can increase HTCs market share by 2 percent each year. By the end of 2012, our marketing objective is to reach a 24 percent market share of the smartphone industry, which equals 18. 7 million HTC customers. The plan includes recommendations and precautions at distribution channels so that HTC differentiates itself from the other brands. We developed a budget for the marketing plan and devised procedures to monitor each effort in order to reach our projected market share increase. We are confident that our marketing plan can take HTC from an emerging brand to a dominant market leader.

Stephen Jay Goulds The Creation Myths of Cooperstown and Edward O. Wil

Stephen Jay Gould's The Creation Myths of Cooperstown and Edward O. Wilson's The Serpent If only I could have seen the blinding light before I complacently tagged along to Cooperstown with my Bazooka-chewing siblings and sunflower seed-spitting father. I would have loved to have known about the Cardiff Giant and the myth about the origin of baseball during our family vacation, but it was their moment of ignorant bliss and my moment to relish the songs of Helen Reddy. At the time, I was not impressed with the â€Å"American† sport, but now that I have read Stephen Jay Gould’s essay, â€Å"The Creation Myths of Cooperstown,† I will have something to say when the subject arises. Don’t get me wrong: I didn’t like America’s baseball then and I don’t like it now. I do, however, enjoy thinking critically and so I, too, am drawn to that great wad of spit we call baseball because the heterosexual ego and rabid patriotism hiding behind its dirty, sweaty disposition have appeared on my radar screen. Thanks to Gould, I now have the ability to let go of my hostility toward an innocent sport and see the hostility for what it really is: anger towards the males who use baseball as an excuse to unleash their violent hormonal urges. When it comes to sports, I have a natural tendency to zone out. Until the fourth paragraph of his essay, Gould nearly lost my attention with his references to Turin, Edwardian Piltdown Man and the Cardiff Giant. When multiple figures were lost on me at such an early stage, I felt young and hopelessly naà ¯ve. Feeling intimidated, I said to my partner, hoping her advanced age wouldn’t prove helpful, â€Å"I’m reading this article and it’s supposed to be understandable to the general audience, but I don’t k... ...ake such a cruel test knowing she (God) is irresistible. This theory makes sense, especially if you consider Wilson’s description of the serpent as something â€Å"life-promising and life-threatening, seductive and treacherous† (712 Wilson). If God and the serpent are one, then it would further explain the general appeal for the serpent, as well as the charm of this article. Wilson’s essay made me think about my personal relationship with â€Å"The Serpent.† I have had many encounters with figurative serpents, but have yet to realize the image of a serpent invading my dreams. Even so, I can’t deny any of the important meanings associated with serpents that Wilson mentions. Perhaps it was the power of his subject matter, but I found Wilson’s essay to be thoroughly engaging. This may have been due to disgust and fascination in me, but whatever it was, it worked.

Relativism and Morality Essay

Relativism is the idea that one’s beliefs and values are understood of one’s society culture or even one’s own individual values. (Mosser, 2010). With that being said everyday a person from a culture conducts some kind of moral choice. The moral choice that he or she chooses may be viewed as right or wrong by other cultures. In this paper â€Å"some moral minima† by Lenn E. Goodman there are views of different aspects of morality and relativism and Goodman argues that certain things are just wrong. (antiessays. com). Goodman discusses issues on subjects such as slavery,genocide,terrorism,murder,rape,polygamy, and incest. I agree with Goodman on these issues because these is never a good time to kill for the sake of killing, rape for the sake of sex, or take ones rights away for the sake of gaining respect or wealth. Goodman basically discusses that every person whether it be man, woman, or child has the rights to live and be free from any and all inhumane treatment. Goodman’s main understanding is not to be quick on judging things we don’t understand, but to judge those things that are not morally right. I believe that all people are equal and have the right to live their own life as do the violators should have no rights to commit those unruly acts of wrong. Who are we to judge anyone or why should others have the right to murder, rape, or rip the rights of people away from them? The bible states, â€Å"do unto others as you would have others do unto you†. (Matthew, 7:12, Standard Version). I believe this is the best way to look at the situation on any of these issues. Some Moral Minima Based on different sociology dissertations, morality has been an issue that many societies globally have been trying to contend. This term is used to describe the code of acceptable behaviors in given context or society. On the other hand moral minima is a word that goes hand in hand with mortality. This essentially sets a standard or rather a principle by which the members of a society have to adhere to so that they may be considered to be operating within the limits of proper moral conduct. The advent of civilization has given room to various forms that moral minima can be derived. As such, morality has become an issue that is interpreted in different ways depending on the angle at which one looks or evaluates it. (Goodman,2010, p.87). Therefore, this has given rise to at least three areas where mortality is supposedly received or obtained. Firstly, morality can be considered relative to the laws of a given nation so that what the law stipulates as right then is morally upright. Secondly, morality can be said to have also been derived from religion where the various religion affiliations have their own holy books by which members are beseeched to behave in a certain manner. Finally, it is the personally source of morality. This is what has sparked a lot of controversy as is subject to millions of interpretation and understandings. Consequently, this is what I believe triggered influential philosophers like Lenn Goodman to spirited argument that there are some things, which are certainly wrong. In this regard, this study seeks to explore the credits or challenges Goodman presents in his assertions (Goodman, 2010, p. 88). Lenn Goodman argues that there are certain things that are simply wrong. Do you think Goodman is right? In Goodman argument, Goodman confirms the existence of four fundamental and universal things that fall under the category of wrong and unacceptable acts in society-moral minima. First is genocide that encompasses politically instigated famine and germ warfare. Second is the act of terrorism that also includes kidnapping and child labor force especially as warriors. Next category is polygamy that may also be extended to cover slavery and incest. Rape and female genital mutilation are also another category (Goodman, 2010, p. 89). The majority of what Goodman has outlined in her arguments in the eyes of most civilized population is regard as acts directed to deny any human beings the right to a comfortable life and as such immoral. Therefore, I believe that Goodman was extremely right to list down the ills that affect or can affect any society. (Goodman,2010 p. 90). Using specific examples, explore the challenges Goodman presents to relativism However, Goodman’s postulations have not been spared the critical thoughts of brains that’s always formulated questions to attempt and challenge facts. Considering that we live in a world where everything is subject to varied interpretations theory of relatively. Some of the Goodman’s ideas gravely contradict the customs and traditions, which have largely been acceptable in some societies. For instance, by saying that polygamy is simply wrong is quite controversial as is subject to a wide range of interpretations. Determine whether you think there are such universal moral requirements From the above instances, it becomes so clear that there is nothing like universal moral requirements. In fact, it is even exceedingly shocking to find out that even that behavior or action, which generally is wrong, is being practiced somewhere else without raising eyebrows. Let us take a case of terrorism. Evidently, human life is sacred, and every person would love to live forever. However, consider the terrorism acts that are being carried out by some Muslim extremists in the name of fulfilling religious obligation- holy Jihad (Goodman, 2010, p. 92). (www. blogspot. com) The above discussion makes me conclude that it is simply impossible to have universal moral minima. In my honest opinion I really am not sure and will never be fully sure if Goodman will be completely right forever. The way the world is constantly changing on a daily basis it’s hard to say what will happen in our future. Basically we all will have to just take it day by day. In addition, considering that no one is one hundred percent perfect it is wrong and unacceptable to stick in totality to the ideas of one person without questioning. Therefore, relativity ultimately haunts the universe as far as moral minima are concerned (Goodman, 2010, p. 93). (www. blogspot. com) REFERENCES: Mosser, K. (2010). Ethics and Social Responsi,bility. 13500 Evening Creek Drive North, Suite 600, San Diego,CA 92128: Bridgepoint Education

Lemurs in Madagascar Assignment

Associate Level Material Lemurs in Madagascar Assignment View the â€Å"Lemurs in Madagascar – Surviving on an Island of Change† video. Using the information found in this video, and in Ch. 5 and 6 of Visualizing Environmental Science, answer the following questions in 25 to 100 words each. 1. What are Madagascar’s biomes? Discuss the major features of at least one of these biomes. Use the textbook for biome examples. A= In Madagascar their biome is the tropical rainforest. A feature of a biome from the tropical rainforest is the temperature; it is usually warm yearly with rain every day.There are 3 different layers to the biome in the tropical rainforest, first being the layer on top of trees, the second layer being on the leaves, and the last layer being on the ground of the rainforest. 2. What changes happening in Madagascar are posing challenges for lemurs? Give details about the sources, time scale, and types of change. A= the changes that are happening are creating many challenges to lemurs is the destruction of the tropical rainforest by humans.Lemurs eat the leaves from the trees, and if the trees are being cut down it is destroying not only the rainforest but the lemur’s source of food. 3. Which types of lemurs are adapting to the changes? Which types of lemurs are not adapting well? Why? A= the lemurs that are doing well with the changes are the ones secondary to the habitats altered by people, these lemurs are called the ring-tailed lemur, they use the crops of the people to find food due to the destruction of the rainforest.The lemurs that are not adapting well are the bamboo lemurs, they eat only bamboo and since a lot of plants are gone they do not have food to eat. 4. What behavioral and physical traits are being favored in lemurs in the changing Madagascar environment? A= well some of the lemurs are able to adapt to the changes and they are studying this type to see what will help them change and also to see if that c hange can be shown to other lemurs. 5. Why might lemurs not evolve to adapt to the changes in Madagascar?A= this can happen is a lemur only eats a certain type of plant and if there is no longer that plant in the rainforest then the changes for that breed of lemur will not be good. 6. Which biogeochemical cycles may be altered by anthropogenic activities on Madagascar, and how? A= this involves the transition between atmospheric gases, soils, oceans and living organisms. Since the humans continue to destroy these resources in Madagascar areas will continued to be effected. Reference â€Å"Lemurs in Madagascar: Surviving on an Island of Change. † Films Media Group, 2006. Films on Demand.

Fast Facts About George Bernard Shaws Life and Plays

Fast Facts About George Bernard Shaws Life and Plays George Bernard Shaw is a model to all struggling writers. Throughout his 30s, he wrote five novels – all of them failed. Yet, he did not let that deter him. It was not until 1894, at the age of 38, that his dramatic work made its professional debut. Even then, it took some time before his plays became popular. Although he wrote mostly comedies, Shaw greatly admired the natural realism of Henrik Ibsen. Shaw felt that plays could be used to influence the general population. And since he was filled with ideas, George Bernard Shaw spent the rest of his life writing for the stage, creating over sixty plays. He won a Nobel Prize for Literature for his play The Apple Cart. His cinematic adaptation of Pygmalion also earned him an Academy Award. Born: July 26, 1856Died: November 2nd, 1950 Major Plays: Mrs. Warren’s Profession Man and Superman Major Barbara Saint Joan Pygmalion Heartbreak House Shaw’s most financially successful play was Pygmalion, which was adapted into a popular 1938 motion picture, and then into a Broadway musical smash: My Fair Lady. His plays touch upon a wide variety of social issues: government, oppression, history, war, marriage, women’s rights. It’s hard to say which among his plays is  the most profound. Shaw’s Childhood: Although he spent most of his life in England, George Bernard Shaw was born and raised in Dublin, Ireland. His father was an unsuccessful corn merchant (someone who buys the corn wholesale and then sells the product to retailers). His mother, Lucinda Elizabeth Shaw, was a singer. During Shaw’s adolescence, his mother began an affair with her music teacher, Vandeleur Lee. By many accounts, it seems that the playwright’s father, George Carr Shaw, was ambivalent about his wife’s adultery and her subsequent departure to England. This unusual situation of a sexually magnetic man and woman interacting with an â€Å"odd-man-out† male figure would become common in Shaw’s plays: Candida, Man and Superman, and Pygmalion. His mother, his sister Lucy, and Vandeleur Lee moved to London when Shaw was sixteen years old. He stayed in Ireland working as a clerk until he moved into his mother’s London home in 1876. Having despised the education system of his youth, Shaw took a different academic path – a self-guided one. During his early years in London, he spent hours on end reading books in the citys libraries and museums. George Bernard Shaw: Critic and Social Reformist In the 1880s, Shaw began his career as a professional art and music critic. Writing reviews of operas and symphonies eventually led to his new and more satisfying role as a theater critic. His reviews of London’s plays were witty, insightful, and sometimes painful to playwrights, directors, and actors who did not meet Shaw’s high standards. In addition to the arts, George Bernard Shaw was passionate about politics. He was a member of the Fabian Society, a group in favor of socialist ideals such as socialized health care, minimum wage reform, and the protection of the impoverished masses. Instead of attaining their goals through revolution (violent or otherwise), the Fabian Society sought gradual change from within the existing system of government. Many of the protagonists in Shaw’s plays serve as a mouth-piece for the precepts of the Fabian Society. Shaw’s Love Life: For a good portion of his life, Shaw was a bachelor, much like some of his more comical characters: Jack Tanner and Henry Higgins, in particular. Based on his letters (he wrote thousands of friends, colleagues, and fellow theater-lovers), it seems that Shaw had a devout passion for actresses. He maintained a long, flirtatious correspondence with actress Ellen Terry. It seems that their relationship never evolved beyond mutual fondness. During a serious ailment, Shaw married a wealthy heiress named Charlotte Payne-Townshend. Reportedly, the two were good friends but not sexual partners. Charlotte did not want to have children. Rumor has it, the couple never consummated the relationship. Even after marriage, Shaw continued to have relationships with other women. The most famous of his romances was between him and Beatrice Stella Tanner, one of England’s most popular actresses better known by her married name: Mrs. Patrick Campbell. She starred in several of his plays, including Pygmalion. Their affection for one another is evident in their letters (now published, like many of his other correspondences). The physical nature of their relationship is still up for debate. Shaw’s Corner: If you are ever in England’s small town of Ayot St. Lawrence, be certain to visit Shaw’s Corner. This beautiful manor became the final home of Shaw and his wife. Upon the grounds, you will find a cozy (or should we  say cramped) cottage just big enough for one ambitious writer. In this tiny room, which was designed to rotate to capture as much sunlight as possible, George Bernard Shaw wrote many plays and countless letters. His last major success was In Good King Charles Golden Days, written in 1939, but Shaw kept writing into his 90s. He was full of vitality until the age of 94 when he fractured his leg after falling off a ladder. The injury led to other problems, including a failing bladder and kidney. Finally, Shaw did not seem as interested in staying alive anymore if he could not stay active. When an actress named Eileen OCasey visited him, Shaw discussed his impending death: Well, it will be a new experience, anyway. He died the following day.

How to Write an A+ Argumentative Essay

How to Write an A+ Argumentative Essay SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You'll no doubt have to write a number of argumentative essays in both high school and college, but what, exactly, is an argumentative essay and how do you write the best one possible? Let's take a look. A great argumentative essay always combines the same basic elements: approaching an argument from a rational perspective, researching sources, supporting your claims using facts rather than opinion, and articulating your reasoning into the most cogent and reasoned points. Argumentative essays are great building blocks for all sorts of research and rhetoric, so your teachers will expect you to master the technique before long. But if this sounds daunting, never fear! We’ll show how an argumentative essay differs from other kinds of papers, how to research and write them, how to pick an argumentative essay topic, and where to find example essays. So let's get started. What Is an Argumentative Essay? How Is it Different from Other Kinds of Essays? There are two basic requirements for any and all essays: to state a claim (a thesis statement) and to support that claim with evidence. Though every essay is founded on these two ideas, there are several different types of essays, differentiated by the style of the writing, how the writer presents the thesis, and the types of evidence used to support the thesis statement. Essays can be roughly divided into four different types: #1: Argumentative#2: Persuasive#3: Expository#4: Analytical So let’s look at each type and what the differences are between them before we focus the rest of our time to argumentative essays. Argumentative Essay Argumentative essays are what this article is all about, so let's talk about them first. An argumentative essay attempts to convince a reader to agree with a particular argument (the writer's thesis statement). The writer takes a firm stand one way or another on a topic and then uses hard evidence to support that stance. An argumentative essay seeks to prove to the reader that one argument- the writer's argument- is the factually and logically correct one. This means that an argumentative essay must use only evidence-based support to back up a claim, rather than emotional or philosophical reasoning (which is often allowed in other types of essays). Thus, an argumentative essay has a burden of substantiated proof and sources, whereas some other types of essays (namely persuasive essays) do not. You can write an argumentative essay on any topic, so long as there's room for argument. Generally, you can use the same topics for both a persuasive essay or an argumentative one, so long as you support the argumentative essay with hard evidence. Example topics of an argumentative essay: â€Å"Should farmers be allowed to shoot wolves if those wolves injure or kill farm animals?† â€Å"Should the drinking age be lowered in the United States?† â€Å"Are alternatives to democracy effective and/or feasible to implement?† The next three types of essays are not argumentative essays, but you may have written them in school. We're going to cover them so you know what not to do for your argumentative essay. Persuasive Essay Persuasive essays are similar to argumentative essays, so it can be easy to get them confused. But knowing what makes an argumentative essay different than a persuasive essay can often mean the difference between an excellent grade and an average one. Persuasive essays seek to persuade a reader to agree with the point of view of the writer, whether that point of view is based on factual evidence or not. The writer has much more flexibility in the evidence they can use, with the ability to use moral, cultural, or opinion-based reasoning as well as factual reasoning to persuade the reader to agree the writer’s side of a given issue. Instead of being forced to use â€Å"pure† reason as one would in an argumentative essay, the writer of a persuasive essay can manipulate or appeal to the reader’s emotions. So long as the writer attempts to steer the readers into agreeing with the thesis statement, the writer doesn’t necessarily need hard evidence in favor of the argument. Often, you can use the same topics for both a persuasive essay or an argumentative one- the difference is all in the approach and the evidence you present. Example topics of a persuasive essay: â€Å"Should children be responsible for their parents’ debts?† â€Å"Should cheating on a test be automatic grounds for expulsion?† â€Å"How much should sports leagues be held accountable for player injuries and the long-term consequences of those injuries?† Expository Essay An expository essay is typically a short essay in which the writer explains an idea, issue, or theme, or discusses the history of a person, place, or idea. This is typically a fact-forward essay with little argument or opinion one way or the other. Example topics of an expository essay: â€Å"The History of the Philadelphia Liberty Bell† â€Å"The Reasons I Always Wanted to be a Doctor† â€Å"The Meaning Behind the Colloquialism ‘People in Glass Houses Shouldn’t Throw Stones’† Analytical Essay An analytical essay seeks to delve into the deeper meaning of a text or work of art, or unpack a complicated idea. These kinds of essays closely interpret a source and look into its meaning by analyzing it at both a macro and micro level. This type of analysis can be augmented by historical context or other expert or widely-regarded opinions on the subject, but is mainly supported directly through the original source (the piece or art or text being analyzed). Example topics of an analytical essay: â€Å"Victory Gin in Place of Water: The Symbolism Behind Gin as the Only Potable Substance in George Orwell's 1984† â€Å"Amarna Period Art: The Meaning Behind the Shift from Rigid to Fluid Poses† â€Å"Adultery During WWII, as Told Through a Series of Letters to and from Soldiers† There are many different types of essay and, over time, you'll be able to master them all. A Typical Argumentative Essay Assignment The average argumentative essay is between three to five pages, and will require at least three or four separate sources with which to back your claims. As for the essay topic, you'll most often be asked to write an argumentative essay in an English class on a â€Å"general† topic of your choice, ranging the gamut from science, to history, to literature. But while the topics of an argumentative essay can span several different fields, the structure of an argumentative essay is always the same: you must support a claim- a claim that can reasonably have multiple sides- using multiple sources and using a standard essay format (which we'll talk about later on). This is why many argumentative essay topics begin with the word â€Å"should,† as in: â€Å"Should all students be required to learn chemistry in high school?† â€Å"Should children be required to learn a second language?† â€Å"Should schools or governments be allowed to ban books?† These topics all have at least two sides of the argument: Yes or no. And you must support the side you choose with evidence as to why your side is the correct one. But there are also plenty of other ways to frame an argumentative essay as well: â€Å"Does using social media do more to benefit or harm people?† â€Å"Does the legal status of artwork or its creators- graffiti and vandalism, pirated media, a creator who’s in jail- have an impact on the art itself?† â€Å"Is or should anyone ever be ‘above the law?’† Though these are worded differently than the first three, you're still essentially forced to pick between two sides of an issue: yes or no, for or against, benefit or detriment. Though your argument might not fall entirely into one side of the divide or another- for instance, you could claim that social media has positively impacted some aspects of modern life while being a detriment to others- your essay should still support one side of the argument above all. Your final stance would be that overall, social media is beneficial or overall, social media is harmful. If your argument is one that is mostly text-based or backed by a single source (e.g., â€Å"How does Salinger show that Holden Caulfield is an unreliable narrator?† or â€Å"Does Gatsby personify the American Dream?†), then it’s an analytical essay, rather than an argumentative essay. An argumentative essay will always be focused on more general topics so that you can use multiple sources to back up your claims. Good Argumentative Essay Topics So you know the basic idea behind an argumentative essay, but what topic should you write about? Again, almost always, you'll be asked to write an argumentative essay on a free topic of your choice, or you'll be asked to select between a few given topics. If you're given complete free reign of topics, then it'll be up to you to find an essay topic that no only appeals to you, but that you can turn into an A+ argumentative essay. What makes a â€Å"good† argumentative essay topic depends on both the subject matter and your personal interest- it can be hard to give your best effort on something that bores you to tears! But it can also be near impossible to write an argumentative essay on a topic that has no room for debate. As we said earlier, a good argumentative essay topic will be one that has the potential to reasonably go in at least two directions- for or against, yes or no, and why. For example, it’s pretty hard to write an argumentative essay on whether or not people should be allowed to murder one another- not a whole lot of debate there for most people!- but writing an essay for or against the death penalty has a lot more wiggle room for evidence and argument. A good topic is also one that can be substantiated through hard evidence and relevant sources. So be sure to pick a topic that other people have studied (or at least studied elements of) so that you can use their data in your argument. For example, if you’re arguing that it should be mandatory for all middle school children to play a sport, you might have to apply smaller scientific data points to the larger picture you're trying to justify. There are probably several studies you could cite on the benefits of physical activity and the positive effect structure and teamwork has on young minds, but there's probably no study you could use where a group of scientists put all middle-schoolers in one jurisdiction into a mandatory sports program (since that’s probably never happened). So long as your evidence is relevant to your point and you can extrapolate from it to form a larger whole, you can use it as a part of your resource material. And if you need ideas on where to get started, or just want to see sample argumentative essay topics, then check out these links for hundreds of potential argumentative essay topics. 101 Persuasive (or Argumentative) Essay and Speech Topics 301 Prompts for Argumentative Writing Top 50 Ideas for Argumentative/Persuasive Essay Writing [Note: some of these say "persuasive essay topics," but just remember that the same topic can often be used for both a persuasive essay and an argumentative essay; the difference is in your writing style and the evidence you use to support your claims.] KO! Find that one argumentative essay topic you can absolutely conquer. Argumentative Essay Format Argumentative Essays are composed of four main elements: A position (your argument) Your reasons Supporting evidence for those reasons (from reliable sources) Counterargument(s) (possible opposing arguments and reasons why those arguments are incorrect) If you’re familiar with essay writing in general, then you’re also probably familiar with the five paragraph essay structure. This structure is a simple tool to show how one outlines an essay and breaks it down into its component parts, although it can be expanded into as many paragraphs as you want beyond the core five. The standard argumentative essay is often 3-5 pages, which will usually mean a lot more than five paragraphs, but your overall structure will look the same as a much shorter essay. An argumentative essay at its simplest structure will look like: Paragraph 1: Intro Set up the story/problem/issue Thesis/claim Paragraph 2: Support Reason #1 claim is correct Supporting evidence with sources Paragraph 3: Support Reason #2 claim is correct Supporting evidence with sources Paragraph 4: Counterargument Explanation of argument for the other side Refutation of opposing argument with supporting evidence Paragraph 5: Conclusion Re-state claim Sum up reasons and support of claim from the essay to prove claim is correct Now let’s unpack each of these paragraph types to see how they work (with examples!), what goes into them, and why. Paragraph 1- Set Up and Claim Your first task is to introduce the reader to the topic at hand so they’ll be prepared for your claim. Give a little background information, set the scene, and give the reader some stakes so that they care about the issue you're going to discuss. Next, you absolutely must have a position on an argument and make that position clear to the readers. It’s not an argumentative essay unless you’re arguing for a specific claim, and this claim will be your thesis statement. Your thesis CANNOT be a mere statement of fact (e.g., â€Å"Washington DC is the capital of the United States†). Your thesis must instead be an opinion which can be backed up with evidence and has the potential to be argued against (e.g., â€Å"New York should be the capital of the United States†). Paragraphs 2 and 3- Your Evidence These are your body paragraphs in which you give the reasons why your argument is the best one and back up this reasoning with concrete evidence. The argument supporting the thesis of an argumentative essay should be one that can be supported by facts and evidence, rather than personal opinion or cultural or religious mores. For example, if you’re arguing that New York should be the new capital of the US, you would have to back up that fact by discussing the factual contrasts between New York and DC in terms of location, population, revenue, and laws. You would then have to talk about the precedents for what makes for a good capital city and why New York fits the bill more than DC does. Your argument can’t simply be that a lot of people think New York is the best city ever and that you agree. In addition to using concrete evidence, you always want to keep the tone of your essay passionate, but impersonal. Even though you’re writing your argument from a single opinion, don’t use first person language- â€Å"I think,† â€Å"I feel,† â€Å"I believe,†- to present your claims. Doing so is repetitive, since by writing the essay you’re already telling the audience what you feel, and using first person language weakens your writing voice. For example, â€Å"I think that Washington DC is no longer suited to be the capital city of the United States.† Versus, â€Å"Washington DC is no longer suited to be the capital city of the United States.† The second statement sounds far stronger and more analytical. Paragraph 4- Argument for the Other Side and Refutation Even without a counter argument, you can make a pretty persuasive claim, but a counterargument will round out your essay into one that is much more persuasive and substantial. By anticipating an argument against your claim and taking the initiative to counter it, you’re allowing yourself to get ahead of the game. This way, you show that you’ve given great thought to all sides of the issue before choosing your position, and you demonstrate in multiple ways how yours is the more reasoned and supported side. Paragraph 5- Conclusion This paragraph is where you re-state your argument and summarize why it’s the best claim. Briefly touch on your supporting evidence and voila! A finished argumentative essay. Your essay should have just as awesome a skeleton as this plesiosaur does. (In other words: a ridiculously awesome skeleton) Argumentative Essay Example: 5-Paragraph Style It always helps to have an example to learn from. I've written a full 5-paragraph argumentative essay here. Look at how I state my thesis in paragraph 1, give supporting evidence in paragraphs 2 and 3, address a counterargument in paragraph 4, and conclude in paragraph 5. Topic: Is it possible to maintain conflicting loyalties? Paragraph 1 It is almost impossible to go through life without encountering a situation where your loyalties to different people or causes come into conflict with each other. Maybe you have a loving relationship with your sister, but she disagrees with your decision to join the army, or you find yourself torn between your cultural beliefs and your scientific ones. These conflicting loyalties can often be maintained for a time, but as examples from both history and psychological theory illustrate, sooner or later, people have to make a choice between competing loyalties, as no one can maintain a conflicting loyalty or belief system forever. The first two sentences set the scene and give some hypothetical examples and stakes for the reader to care about. The third sentence finishes off the intro with the thesis statement, making very clear how the author stands on the issue ("people have to make a choice between competing loyalties, as no one can maintain a conflicting loyalty or belief system forever.") Paragraphs 2 and 3 Psychological theory states that human beings are not equipped to maintain conflicting loyalties indefinitely and that attempting to do so leads to a state called â€Å"cognitive dissonance.† Cognitive dissonance theory is the psychological idea that people undergo tremendous mental stress or anxiety when holding contradictory beliefs, values, or loyalties (Festinger, 1957). Even if human beings initially hold a conflicting loyalty, they will do their best to find a mental equilibrium by making a choice between those loyalties- stay stalwart to a belief system or change their beliefs. One of the earliest formal examples of cognitive dissonance theory comes from Leon Festinger’s When Prophesy Fails. Members of an apocalyptic cult are told that the end of the world will occur on a specific date and that they alone will be spared the Earth’s destruction. When that day comes and goes with no apocalypse, the cult members face a cognitive dissonance between what they s ee and what they’ve been led to believe (Festinger, 1956). Some choose to believe that the cult's beliefs are still correct, but that the Earth was simply spared from destruction by mercy, while others choose to believe that they were lied to and that the cult was fraudulent all along. Both beliefs cannot be correct at the same time, and so the cult members are forced to make their choice. But even when conflicting loyalties can lead to potentially physical, rather than just mental, consequences, people will always make a choice to fall on one side or other of a dividing line. Take, for instance, Nicolaus Copernicus, a man born and raised in Catholic Poland (and educated in Catholic Italy). Though the Catholic church dictated specific scientific teachings, Copernicus' loyalty to his own observations and scientific evidence won out over his loyalty to his country’s government and belief system. When he published his heliocentric model of the solar systemin opposition to the geocentric model that had been widely accepted for hundreds of years (Hannam, 2011) Copernicus was making a choice between his loyalties. In an attempt to maintain his fealty both to the established system and to what he believed, he sat on his findings for a number of years (Fantoli, 1994). But, ultimately, Copernicus made the choice to side with his beliefs and observations above all and pub lished his work for the world to see (even though, in doing so, he risked both his reputation and personal freedoms). These two paragraphs provide the reasons why the author supports the main argument and uses substantiated sources to back those reasons. The paragraph on cognitive dissonance theory gives both broad supporting evidence and more narrow, detailed supporting evidence to show why the thesis statement is correct not just anecdotally but also scientifically and psychologically. First, we see why people in general have a difficult time accepting conflicting loyalties and desires and then how this applies to individuals through the example of the cult members from the Dr. Festinger's research. The next paragraph continues to use more detailed examples from history to provide further evidence of why the thesis that people cannot indefinitely maintain conflicting loyalties is true. Paragraph 4 Some will claim that it is possible to maintain conflicting beliefs or loyalties permanently, but this is often more a matter of people deluding themselves and still making a choice for one side or the other, rather than truly maintaining loyalty to both sides equally. For example, Lancelot du Lac typifies a person who claims to maintain a balanced loyalty between to two parties, but his attempt to do so fails (as all attempts to permanently maintain conflicting loyalties must). Lancelot tells himself and others that he is equally devoted to both King Arthur and his court and to being Queen Guinevere’s knight (Malory, 2008). But he can neither be in two places at once to protect both the king and queen, nor can he help but let his romantic feelings for the queen to interfere with his duties to the king and the kingdom. Ultimately, he and Queen Guinevere give into their feelings for one another and Lancelot- though he denies it- chooses his loyalty to her over his loyalty to Ar thur. This decision plunges the kingdom into a civil war, ages Lancelot prematurely, and ultimately leads to Camelot’s ruin (Raabe, 1987). Though Lancelot claimed to have been loyal to both the king and the queen, this loyalty was ultimately in conflict, and he could not maintain it. Here we have the acknowledgement of a potential counter-argument and the evidence as to why it isn't true. The argument is that some people (or literary characters) have asserted that they give equal weight to their conflicting loyalties. The refutation is that, though some may claim to be able to maintain conflicting loyalties, they're either lying to others or deceiving themselves. The paragraph shows why this is true by providing an example of this in action. Paragraph 5 Whether it be through literature or history, time and time again, people demonstrate the challenges of trying to manage conflicting loyalties and the inevitable consequences of doing so. Though belief systems are malleable and will often change over time, it is not possible to maintain two mutually exclusive loyalties or beliefs at once. In the end, people always make a choice, and loyalty for one party or one side of an issue will always trump loyalty to the other. The concluding paragraph summarizes the essay, touches on the evidence presented, and re-states the thesis statement. How to Write an Argumentative Essay: 8 Steps Writing the best argumentative essay is all about the preparation, so let's talk steps: #1: Preliminary Research If you have the option to pick your own argumentative essay topic (which you most likely will), then choose one or two topics you find the most intriguing or that you have a vested interest in and do some preliminary research on both sides of the debate. Do an open internet search just to see what the general chatter is on the topic and what the research trends are. Did your preliminary reading influence you to pick a side or change your side? Without diving into all the scholarly articles at length, do you believe there’s enough evidence to support your claim? Have there been scientific studies? Experiments? Does a noted scholar in the field agree with you? If not, you may need to pick another topic or side of the argument to support. #2: Pick Your Side and Form Your Thesis Now's the time to pick the side of the argument you feel you can support the best and summarize your main point into your thesis statement. Your thesis will be the basis of your entire essay, so make sure you know which side you’re on, that you’ve stated it clearly, and that you stick by your argument throughout the entire essay. #3: Heavy-Duty Research Time You’ve taken a gander at what the internet at large has to say on your argument, but now’s the time to actually read those sources and take notes. Check scholarly journals online at Google Scholar, the Directory of Open Access Journals, or JStor. You can also search individual university or school libraries and websites to see what kinds of academic articles you can access for free. Keep track of your important quotes and page numbers and put them somewhere that’s easy to find later. And don’t forget to check your school or local libraries as well! #4: Outline Follow the five-paragraph outline structure from the previous section. Fill in your topic, your reasons, and your supporting evidence into each of the categories. Before you begin to flesh out the essay, take a look at what you’ve got. Is your thesis statement in the first paragraph? Is it clear? Is your argument logical? Does your supporting evidence support your reasoning? By outlining your essay, you streamline your process and take care of any logic gaps before you dive headfirst into the writing. This will save you a lot of grief later on if you need to change your sources or your structure, so don’t get too trigger-happy and skip this step. #5: Draft Now that you’ve laid out exactly what you’ll need for your essay and where, it’s time to fill in all the gaps by writing it out. Take it one step at a time and expand your ideas into complete sentences and substantiated claims. It may feel daunting to turn an outline into a complete draft, but just remember that you’ve already laid out all the groundwork; now you’re just filling in the gaps. #6: Edit If you have the time before deadline, give yourself a day or two (or even just an hour!) away from your essay. Looking it over with fresh eyes will allow you to see errors, both minor and major, that you likely would have missed had you tried to edit when it was still raw. Take a first pass over the entire essay and try your best to ignore any minor spelling or grammar mistakes- you’re just looking at the big picture right now. Does it make sense as a whole? Did the essay succeed in making an argument and backing that argument up logically? (Do you feel persuaded?) If not, go back and make notes so that you can fix it for your final draft. Once you’ve made your revisions to the overall structure, mark all your small errors and grammar problems so you can fix them in the next draft. #7: Final Draft Use the notes you made on the rough draft and go in and hack and smooth away until you’re satisfied with the final result. A checklist for your final draft: Formatting is correct according to your teacher’s standards No errors in spelling, grammar, and punctuation Essay is the right length and size for the assignment The argument is present, consistent, and concise Each reason is supported by relevant evidence The essay makes sense overall #8: Celebrate! Once you’ve brought that final draft to a perfect polish and turned in your assignment, you’re done! Go you! Be prepared and â™ ª you'll never go hungry again â™ ª, *cough*, or struggle with your argumentative essay-writing again. (Walt Disney Studios) Good Examples of Argumentative Essays Online Theory is all well and good, but examples are key. Just to get you started on what a fully-fleshed out argumentative essay looks like, let's see some examples in action. Check out these two argumentative essay examples on the use of landmines and freons (and note the excellent use of concrete sources to back up their arguments!). The Use of Landmines A Shattered Sky The Take-Aways: Keys to Writing an Argumentative Essay At first, writing an argumentative essay may seem like a monstrous hurdle to overcome, but with the proper preparation and understanding, you'll be able to knock yours out of the park. Remember the differences between a persuasive essay and an argumentative one, make sure your thesis is clear, and double-check that your supporting evidence is both relevant to your point and well-sourced. Pick your topic, do your research, make your outline, and fill in the gaps. Before you know it, you'll have yourself an A+ argumentative essay there, my friend.

Psychology- The split brain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology- The split brain - Essay Example After this surgery the majority of the patients are able to lead normal lives, just as if they have never had the surgery. This shows that what the article is right in stating that people do not need the whole of their brains to function, they can do it even when a certain part is removed. The article is wrong in stating that people can function well with half a brain. This is wrong because it is obvious that needs the whole brain to be wholly functional in all aspects of life. The article clearly oversimplified the importance of the right side of the brain. It has been proven that the right side is just as important as the left side. To be an all rounded individual means that the person can perform any task without a problem. However, the article says that one half of the brain is enough to carry out many activities in one’s life. The article does not focus much on the right side of the brain even though it is just as important as the left half. It concentrates on the functions of the left side and even goes as far as to state what would happen if someone lost his or her use of the left side of the brain. The article is also wrong in stating that removing some parts of the brain will not affect a person’s life. Every part of the brain has its own unique function and if it is severed or removed, then that function is not possible anymore. Memory is one of the things that are most affected when a part of the brain is tampered with (Shaw and Palm, 46). The brain is a very important part of the human anatomy. Although the topic suggests that one can perform well enough using only one half of the brain, I tend to think that both halves are equally important. It is not right to say that just because the left side seems to have more to offer than the right side, people should ignore cognitive development that involves the right half of the brain. If

Mozart's 40th Symphony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mozart's 40th Symphony - Essay Example In words of Donald Tovey, "it is not only difficult to see the depths of agony in the rhythms and idioms of comedy, but it is not very intelligent to attempt to see them." There are different views in realizing the essence of overall tone from tragedy, sorrow, dejection to lightness and grace. Alfred Heuss finds the aura of profundity is permeated and unified by grief-tinged interval of low tone second notes. The second movement is a lyrical work. The first is contemplative mood which tries to surmount the agony and despair of world. The theme the first movement is mirrored in a more subtle way in the second movement, Andante. The second movement is the submediant major of the overall G minor key of the symphony which carry us into darker expressions of urgency with further modulations with relying back on the recapitulations of the main theme. It features short two-note figures, called Seufzer (sighs) in Mozart's day. The bass-heavy instrumentation, 3-bar phrasing, cross-accented hemiola rhythm is although labeled as menuetto; it hardly offers joyous relief such dance-like movements typically offer. The forceful Menuetto (Allegretto) section, in G major, alternates the playing of the string section with that of the winds which offers a brief respite from this movement's grim dance. The main theme of last movement consists of a rising phrase followed by earth-bound one which suggests continuous struggle to go beyond the defeat with unresolved questions lurking in the background. The finale also includes the most harmonically challenging music in which Mozart disrupts his escalating theme with a bitter note and a semi-tone, and then plays a sequence of ten tones on the level of chromatic scale. The single left note is g-natural. The previously steady rhythm is interrupted into a movement which is not random but its forward motion; free of the questioning figures leaves a glimmer of hope. Its notes are structured in mathematical logic as an interlocking series of diminished 4th and 7th, the least tonally anchored of all intervals. As Heinrich Jalowetz noted, "For a fleeting moment the sequence escapes from the gravity of diatonic (tonal) space and sets up a genuine chromatic (atonal) segment." In words of Barbara Heninger,"Mozart has taken us on an unusual voyage, but in the end his musical language still achieves a balance, order, and resolution". Beauty of Mozart's composition is not enraptured in technical analysis but its ethereal effects which bring you into different realm of flight from sorrow, despair into rise, uplift and redemption. Bibliography Symphony No. 40 in